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29.11.2001 |
Position |
N 009 00 588 E 038 45 157
Addis.
|
Journey |
None. No movement. Picked up truck from the garage.
|
Weather |
Good. Addis Weather
|
Terrain |
As usual: the hotel. Sudanese Visa issued. Still no
news from P/N
Altercation with second vehicle driver. Re-consider
travel with them. |
Expenditure |
Food: 258.62 Birr
Truck: 1220.05 Birr (total, repairs, labour and spare
parts)
Other:
Email and phones Raf: 200.15Brr
Total: 1678.82 Birr = $ 197.27
Of which 1220.05 Birr = $ 143.36
And 458.77 Birr = $ 53.90 |
|
 |
28.11.2001 |
Position |
N 009 00 588 E 038 45 157
Addis.
|
Journey |
None.
|
Weather |
Good
|
Terrain |
Hotel. Met 2 Dutch people who were looking for us.
Expedition now considering travelling with this
vehicle for limited time periods. P/N went up North,
still not seen or spoken. No passports yet. Truck not
ready yet.
|
Expenditure |
Food:412. 15 Birr
Other: taxis: 50 Birr
Photos Raf + Cisca : 350 + 50 = 400 Birr
Phone Cisca: 75 Birr
Email everyone: 250 + 175 = 425 Birr
Total: 1362.15 Birr = $ 160. 06
Of which is food Birr 412.15 = $ 39 and Email is Birr
425 = $ 49. 94
|
|
 |
27.11.2001 |
Position |
N 009 00 588 E 038 45 157
Addis. No movement.
|
Journey |
None. Brought truck to the garage. Necessary repairs
after the east.
|
Weather |
As always good, nice and fresh in the morning, chilly
in the evening.
|
Terrain |
Hotel and garage. Went to visit the Military Attache
at British Embassy. (Invited) Saw Thesigers' House and
the British Embassy Compounds. No news from P/N.
Passports have been sent today from Dar by Ben.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 241.95
Other:
Letter embassy UK: 455 Birr
Food: 350.95 Birr
Truck: 400 Birr
Other:
Cinema: 8 Birr
Museum: 40 Birr
Taxis: 90 Birr
Total: 888.95 = $ 104.45
|
|
 |
26.11.2001 |
Position |
N 09 00 588 E 038 45 157
Addis Ababa, Debre Damo Hotel
|
Journey |
No Movement. Sightseeing Addis.
|
Weather |
Good, dry and sunny |
Terrain |
Hotel..
Found reliable garage. (Mitchell Cotts)
Went to British Embassy for letter of Introduction for
Sudan visa.
Went to the Sudan Embassy, applied for visa |
Expenditure |
Food: 241.95
Other:
Letter embassy UK: 455 Birr
Sudanese Visa Fee: 2 x 61 = 122 $
Email Raf: 60 Birr
Taxis: 60 Birr
Maps (Cisca) 21 Birr
Total: 1876.17 Birr = $ 220.46
Of which $ 122 is Sudanese Visa. |
|
 |
25.11.2001 |
Position |
N 09 00 588 E 038 45 157
|
Journey |
No Movement.
|
Weather |
Good, dry, morning and evening chilly
|
Expenditure |
Food: 257 Birr
Other:
Film / photos raf: 221.50 Birr
Taxis: 50 Birr
Cinema: 16 Birr
Email / fax / phone raf: 116 Birr
Total: 650.50 Birr = $ 76.43 |
|
 |
24.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 08 52 692 E 04 05 746 to N 09 00 588 E 038
45 157
Altitude 2388m. Addis Ababa, different hotel: Debre
Damo Hotel.
|
Journey |
From Awash to Addis. 223 km.
|
Weather |
Good, hot and dry. Busy roads into Addis, Saturday.
|
Terrain |
Good roads, roads with acceptable tarmac. Left after
noon, arrived in Addis round 18:00 hrs.
|
Expenditure |
Food (incl. Addis Hilton) : 743 Birr
Petrol: 177 Birr
Accomodation Awash: 60 Birr
Other:
Email Raf: 175 Birr
Taxis: 40 birr
Total: 1188 Birr = $ 139.6 |
|
 |
23.11.2001 |
Position |
N 08 52 692 E 040 05 746
Awash
|
Journey |
From hotel to Mt. Fantale + Crater, then to Lodge
inside the Park. 106 km.
|
Weather |
Warm, early morning temp. is rising. 30 + degrees.
|
Terrain |
Tarmac good till park gate. Entrance. There a scout
was engaged. On to Different gate, enter north Park, .
Sand and dust road, first a level stretch. Good, until
base Mt. Fantale Murram rd. Road up Mt. Fantale very
rough, but easy for a Landrover 110 if driven slowly.
Beautiful scenery, up to the rim of the crater.
Internal cupboard in truck falls apart. Ascended up to
2100 m. Cisca's Birthday.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 229 Birr
Petrol: 307.50 Birr
Truck 1 Birr !!!!
Accomodation: 70 Birr
Other:
Scout: 50 + 20 = 70 Birr
Total: 677.50 Birr = $ 79.61 |
|
 |
22.11.2001 |
Position |
N 08 52 692 E 040 05 746
Awash. No movement.
|
Journey |
Awah national park PM Game drive: 52 km.
|
Weather |
Very good, hot around noon. Cooling off only slightly
in the evening. |
Terrain |
Very good tarmac leading up to the Park's entrance. In
park: sand track's and deeper sand. Many fields
blackened by fire. Afternoon light, sunset, moon over
the fields. |
Expenditure |
Food: 127 Birr
Truck: 50 Birr
Accomodation: 80 Birr
Other:
Park entrance: 165 Birr (x3 + 15)
Telephone to Ben: 97 Birr
Total: 519 Birr = $ 60.98 |
|
 |
21.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 09 18 551 E 042 07 896 to N 08 52 692 E 040
05 746
Altitude 1000 m. above sea level, Awash. Hotel Buffet
De La Gare. |
Journey |
From Harar to Awash 393 km. Arrival early evening,
round 20:00 hrs. |
Weather |
Good, sunny, dry. |
Terrain |
Mixed gravel and tarmac out of Harar. Easier driving
by daylight. Lot of roadworks . dust. Battery holder
box broke, fixed this with a ratchet strap. News that
war between Ethiopia and Eritrea might be eminent =
border movement. First (but 2nd. hand) news from P/N:
(via telephone from Swahili Divers Tanzania) they are
now in Addis. Sudan visa still not issued in Dar es
Salaam. Raf instructed Swahili Divers to send
passports to Addis regardless. |
Expenditure |
Food: 220.65 Birr
Petrol: 177 Birr
Accomodation Harar: 390 Birr
Total: 787.65 Birr = $ 92.55 |
|
 |
20.11.2001 |
Position |
N 09 18 551 E 042 07 896 Harar
Altitude: 1880 No Movement
|
Journey |
None. No movement.
|
Weather |
Good, sunny and dry. 22 degrees.
|
Terrain |
Same Hotel. Moved rooms, cheaper. Apparently full.
Fixed minor things on the truck. Sightseeing Harar.
Trying faxes again. No news form Sudan Embassy.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 155.45 Birr
Truck 30 Birr
Other:
Laundry: 13.50
Hyenas x 2 : 50 Birr
Total: 248.95 Birr = $ 29.25 |
|
 |
19.11.2001 |
Position |
N 09 18 551 E 042 07 896 Harar
Altitude: 1880 No Movement
|
Journey |
None. No movement.
|
Weather |
Good, sunny and dry.
|
Terrain |
Hotel Harar. Sightseeing . Sending post, trying to
phone and send faxes.
Bought tube and foam for car.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 100.25 Birr
Truck 8 Birr
Accomodation: 200 Birr
Other:
Tailors C + R : 202 Birr
Post Office R + St. : 70 Birr
Total: 580.25 Birr = $ 68.18 |
|
 |
18.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 09 00 538 E 038 45 151 to N 09 18 546 E
042 07 893
Altitude 1880, Harar, eastern Ethiopia.
|
Journey |
From Addis Abeba to Harar, 536 km. Arrival late in the
evening, around 22:30 hrs. |
Weather |
Good, hot: 30 degrees. Rising, hotter as we descend
into the lower areas around Awash.
|
Terrain |
Tarmac good until Awash. Excellent tarmac interspersed
with sand sections and gravel detours due to road
works. Quality in general good. After Awash town,
taking the turnoff to Harar, following the Djibouti
railway line for some time. Then turning south, and
climbing into the mountains. After turnoff at Awash no
more tarmac is seen. Scenery exceptionally beautiful,
road rising into the mountains leading over the ridges
then dropping into the area of Harar. Police very
friendly, petrol available in Meisie. Last two hours
in dark, later found out that this is not be
recommended due to (supposed) terrorism in the area.
At arrival, Ramadzan in Harar seems to mean nothing. |
Expenditure |
Food: 102.10 Birr
Petrol: 240 Birr
Accomodation: 200 Birr
Total: 542.10 Birr = $ 63.70 |
|
 |
17.11.2001 |
Position |
N 09 00 538 E 038 45 151 Addis Ababa
|
Journey |
To / From the hotel to the garage, +/- 10 km
|
Weather |
Sunny, dry and warm, cooling off in the evening
|
Terrain |
Buffet De La Gare. No movement, except for the garage.
Took half a day to change 3 tyres and fix the shock
absorbers.
Time to file reports and write articles/updates. No
news from Penny and Narinder, or their arrival date in
Addis. News from Sam, will join us tomorrow 18 11
2001. No news -via Swahili Divers- from the Sudan
Embassy in Dar. |
Expenditure |
Food (.Incl. dinner C / R ): 159.80 Birr
Truck: 2040 Birr (3 x 680 Birr)
Other:
Envelopes and printing: 50 Birr
Total: 2249.80 Birr = $ 264
Of which truck is 2040 Birr = $ 239
And food is 159.80 Birr = $ 18.77 |
|
 |
16.11.2001 |
Position |
N 09 00 538 E 038 45 151 Addis Ababa
|
Journey |
No movement. 0 km./Addis.
|
Weather |
Sunny, dry, fresher because of altitude. Chilly in the
evenings.
|
Terrain |
Buffet De La Gare. No movement for vehicle. Bought
Vehicle spares, inc shock absorbers. Phone Swahili
Divers Tanzania to find out about Sudan visa. |
Expenditure |
Food/ drinks Hilton: 552. 05 Birr
Truck: 650 Birr (2 x 325 for shock absorbers)
Other:
Photos Raf: 112 Birr
Telephone to Ben/ Raf: 180 Birr
TNT fee passport Cisca: 314 Birr
Taxi, cathedral etc. 25 Birr
Total: 1655. 05 Birr = $ 194
Of which truck is 650 Birr = $ 76, Food is 552.05
Birr = $ 64 and others is $ 48 |
|
 |
15.11.2001 |
Position |
From 07 03 066 E 038 27 563 to N 09 00 538 E 38 45
151
Altitude 2388, Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia,
Buffet De La Gare, centre |
Journey |
From Awasa to Addis Ababa 305 km. |
Weather |
Good, sunny all day. Cooler when reaching Addis in the
afternoon: distinctly higher altitude.
|
Terrain |
Still no shock absorbers. Left Awasa round noon. Good
tarmac to Addis. One jerrycan used for petrol, no
station when needed. Difficulty overtaking. Many
trucks. Climbing up into the Entoto Hills around
Addis.
|
Expenditure |
Food and drinks (including Hilton): 477. 90 Birr
Accommodation Awasa (14/11) paid: 156.30 Birr
Other:
Email Raf: 280 Birr
Total: 739.20 Birr = $ 86.86
|
|
 |
14.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 06 09 636 E 038 11 939 to N 07 03 066 E
038 27 563
Altitude 1000m. above sea level, town of Awasa, at the
Lake Awasa |
Journey |
From Yirga Chenef to Awasa, 208 km. |
Weather |
Some rainfall, little bit cloudy. |
Terrain |
Journey on tarmac, reasonably good. Less potholes. No
shock absorbers. Slows down. Looking at the Stellae
near the village of Wenago, involving first to go to
Dila, then back south to Wenago, then back to Dila /
Awasa. Eroded mud pasth uphill to the stellae fields.
Complete village accompanies us, vehicle felt safe
with them.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 80.90 Birr
Petrol: 290 Birr
Other
'Entrance fee' 3 x 30 Birr = 90 Birr
Guide fee : 25 Birr
Total: 485. 90 Birr = $ 57.09 |
Conclusion |
Avoid Stellae - not worth it - do not drive
up road unless in good 4x4.
|
|
 |
13.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 03 32 680 E 039 02 905 to N 06 09 636 E
038 11 939
Altitude 1904 m. above sea level, town of Yirga Chenef |
Journey |
From Moyale, border town, to Yirga Chenef. 391.4 km. |
Weather |
Wet, torrential rains here and there, limiting
visibility considerably. Cold outside, and with
nightfall colder.
Average 20 degrees. |
Terrain |
Mountainous. Grey soil first, then brown, then deep
red. Always hills, and trees as far as the eye could
see. Vegetation changed to tropical hill / forest,,
followed by pine plantations. Always green in
background. The houses are round, big and fenced:
inside are real gardens and flowers. Effort made,
until here not seen.
First 341 Km's very good. Speed upto 110 k/ph, but the
engine capacity limits speed when going uphill. Late
afternoon: front shock-absorbers broke. Last 50 km. To
Yirga Chenef tarmac with very big potholes, bad road.
Speed reduced and decide to stay in Yurga Chenet
instead of Dila.
Very few vehicles on the road, apart from some busses
and cargo trucks. People seem very pleased to see us,
genuinely, surprised, and not used to seeing much
traffic. Ethiopian armed forces prolific. Look very
experienced, and hardedn. Equipped with with dragunov
rifles, kalashnikov rifles along with many
magazines/Bayonets and grenades. Complete contrast to
Kenyan Army.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 104 Birr
Accomodation: 120 Birr
Total 224 Birr = $ 26.32 |
|
 |
12.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 02 19 704 E 37 59 272 to N 03 32 680 E 039
02 905
Altitude 1159 Moyale Ethiopia
|
Journey |
From Marsabit to Moyale 269 |
Weather |
30 degrees, overcast at the end. Sunny afternoon in
Moyale. |
Terrain |
Stony valleys after leaving Marsabit. 80m/ph to avoid
'Shifta'.(Bandits) Kenya Police nowhere to be seen.
No convoy to be seen.
Drop onto rock strewn volcanic plateau, very flat
first 100 km. Very deep ruts, speed 80 km/ph, very
unstable. After 100 k. Murram road, much better.
(Speed 100kmph.) Arrive at point parallel to
Eth.iopian border,than drive last 50- 80 km. In lush
green terrain. Road bad, but cirrugations less. Climb
up into Moyale.
|
Expenditure |
Food: 210 Ksh. And 111 Birr.
Petrol : 251Birr.
Acco. 85 Birr.
Other:
Convoy 200 Ksh.
Askari 30 Ksh
Total Ksh: 440 = 5.70 $
Birr 447 = $ 52
($57.70) |
Conclusion |
Kenya Police Convoy, unreliable. Recommend
being first in convoy, and then driving reasonably
fast. When Shift problem eases, recommend driving much
slower. Vibration of road is destroying Land Rover. |
|
11.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 00 34 062 E 37 32 090 to N 02 19 709 E 37 59
272
Altitude 1392, Marsabit. Arrival mid afternoon.
|
Journey |
From Samburu Campsite, via Archers' Post to Marsabit 260 km. |
Weather |
In Marsabit good, 25 - 30 C. sunny, dry and hot on the
way.
|
Terrain |
Around and after leaving Archers' Post greenish and
trees. Passing through desert area on the way up to
the highlands surrounding Marsabit. Tracks to Marsabit
very bad, and huge corrugation. Still average speed 80
- 90 km/ph to reach " floating speed". Supposed to
meet N + P (and B) at Archers' Post, at 0800. No
sighting. Left at 10:37, to push on and reach Marsabit
still today.
Suffered one puncture rear left due to rocks - Turkish
Lassa Tyre. Changing tyre under full attention of
local Samburu people. Interesting people. Beautiful
red ochre clay all over the girls.
Seen lots of British Army Bedford trucks and
Landrovers.
Kenya Wildlife service and Kenya Police not
particularly alert. |
Vehicle Status |
Exhaust rewelded. Bought 2nd hand tyre. |
Expenditure |
Food: 955 Ksh
Truck 3300 Ksh
Accomodation 650 Ksh;
Total 4904 Ksh. = $ 63.70 |
|
 |
10.11.2001 |
Position |
From N 00 21 052 E 037 35 00 to N 00 34 062 E 37
32 090
Altitude... Samburu wildlife lodge public campsite
|
Journey |
From Isiolo to Samburu Campsite 115 km. |
Weather |
Sunny and dry, to hot
|
Terrain |
The road is very bad, no tarmac at all. Corrugation.
In Samburu National Park sand, but good roads. Met up
with George and Rene, "Save the Elephants". Tracking
the " American Indians" elephants family. Very rough
terrain in the south of the park, including vulcanic
rock fields and invisible cutlines. |
Vehicle Status |
Operational |
Expenditure |
Food and drinks Bomen Hotel at 9/11: 195 + ..
Accomodation 2300 Ksh.
Park entrance: $64
|
|
 |
09.11.2001 |
Position |
S 01 18 018 E 036 48 707 to N 00 21 052 E 037 35
00 Isiolo, Samburu Country Altitude 1138 above sea level. Bomen Hotel Isiolo, arrival in the early evening.
|
Journey |
Nairobi to Isiolo 321 km |
Weather |
Scattered showers, but sunny most of the day.
|
Terrain |
Good tarmac from Nairobi to Nanyuki. After Nanyuki
very bad tarmac with some very dangerous patches.
To the left the Aberdare range and rolling fields, to
the right Mt. Kenya. The highest point was 2200 m.
Crossed the equator. Sign saying " equator" is NOT on
the equator !!!
|
Vehicle Status |
Operational |
Expenditure |
Food: 3355 Ksh.
Petrol: 7.630 Ksh.
Accomodation Nairobi: 900 Ksh.
Other
Lamp: 7.995 Ksh.
Stamps, diverse, mail / fax and films: 1227 Ksh.
Total 21.107 Ksh. = $ 274.11 |
|
 |
08.11.2001 |
Position |
S01' 18 018" E 036' 48 707" Altitude approx 1750m above Mean sea level. Town named Nairobi. |
Journey |
Nil Kms covered 46 |
Weather |
Wet. Torrential downpours, overcast |
Terrain |
excellent tarmac.
Speed 100-120 KMPH (flat out)
|
Vehicle Status |
Operational |
Expenditure |
Food 2,692
Film purchases 2,650
|
Conclusion |
OPERATIONAL.
|
|
 |
07.11.2001 |
Position |
S 01 26 464 E 035' 12 469" to S 01 18 018 E 036 48 707
Altitude approx 1750m above Mean sea level. Nairobi
|
Journey |
TALEK to NBO 268.4 |
Weather |
Sunny dry good 1/8th stratus 21'c |
Terrain |
To Narok good, earth tracks, 40 kmph by choice. Narok to NBO 1st section terrible destroyed tarmac second section good Speed100kmph. Arrived NBO at 1300hrs went straight to Chequeered flag to repair starter motor.
|
Vehicle Status |
Replaced starter motor, made plans for vehicle improvements and re-orhanisation of vehicle. |
Expenditure |
Starter motor 14,000
Vehicle spares 3,100
Taxi 250
Food 2,193
Petrol 3,316
Beers 800
Water 100
Labour at the chequered flag 1,416
Telephoning to Barclaycard to confirm use in Kenya 2,100
Shopping 1,960
E-mail use 375
Total 26,194
|
Conclusion |
Need to leave Nairobi |
|
 |
06.11.2001 |
Position |
S 01 26 464 E 035' 12 469" to S 01' 26 277" E 035' 12 481"
(Camp site changed)
Altitude approx 1570 m above Mean sea level. TALEK gate of Masai Maara national park
|
Journey |
TALEK TO Tanzania BORDER to TALEK Km's 72.7 |
Weather |
Cool and overcast AM 4/8th Stratus afternoon 1/8th. Temp 20'c + |
Terrain |
Journeyed south 20km towards Tanzanian border. Windy, dry, 4/8th cumulous in Am.
0/8 pm Road to talek river is earth tracks. Max speed 50kmph mostly 30kmph by choice. 80-100 kmph possible in emergency. ("Very muddy in dips" EEODS.) Rolling hills Masai plains, Ololo Escarpment visible in west. Open Savannah in North. Rolling hills in South.
|
Vehicle Status |
Repaired neutral battery connection discovered in previous evening's inspection. ran today no coolant cap. System ran well and engine was cool. Engine ran smoothly in pseudo rough terrain. E/C very surprised that 2283 engine provides enough torque in ardous terrain with laden vehicle. |
Expenditure |
Accommodation 900
Food (intrepid lodge) 2,040
Vehicle fee 500
Total ksh 3,440
Total US Dollars 64 (park entry fee)
|
Conclusion |
River camo excellent but expensive.
Showers hot! Fence in service.
OPERATIONAL.
|
|
 |
05.11.2001 |
Position |
S 01' 08 622" E 035 52 107 to S 01 26 464 E 035' 12 469"
Altitude approx 1570 m above Mean sea level.
TALEK gate of Masai Maara national park |
Journey |
NAROK to TALEK Km's 119.9 |
Weather |
Cool and overcast AM 4/8th Stratus afternoon 1/8th. Temp 20'c + |
Terrain |
Narok to Maara turn off very good tarmac Rest of journey to Sekonani gate reasonable earth tracks.
Speed 60KMPH average on earth. After entry into the park, earth became very soft and black, closer to water courses this proved to be black cotton. Conditions here very slippery speed 50KMPH max on tracks, down to crawling 1st gear in potholes. Masai Maara uncharacteristically green, long grass on rolling hills, minimal dust, cooler in day and subsequently more animals moving, more flowers, more water pools, less vehicles, and careful driving needed.
|
Vehicle Status |
Welded new channel to window winder and re-fitted. Vhanged wipers over, put in 1 litre engine oil. Real oil seal (engine) suspected. Small. Sealed roof and top of windscreen. Brake lights not working. Otherwise vehicle servicable.
|
Expenditure |
Accomodation 900
Vehicle welding 500
Telephone card 1,000
Total 2,400
|
Conclusion |
Need to leave earlier in the day and finish driving operations at least 2 hours before sunset. In spite of sunset being the most beautiful part of the day.
OPERATIONAL.
|
|
 |
03.11.2001 |
Position |
S01' 18 018" E 036' 48 707" Altitude approx 1750m above Mean sea level. Town named Nairobi. |
Weather |
Wet. Torrential downpours, overcast. 22'c |
Journey |
Nil 7Kms(?) |
Terrain |
Excellent tarmac. Speed 100-120 KMPH (flat out)
|
Vehicle Status |
Seal roof hatch and removes and cleans wing mirror, Rear wheels direction of rotation corrected.
Windscreen, gutter and drain cleared. Stereo panel screwed down. R/H seat belt straightened out.
|
Expenditure |
Food 2,096
Accomodation so far 2,025
Petrol 13,000
Total 17,121
|
Conclusion |
OPERATIONAL |
|
 |
02.11.2001 |
Position |
S01' 18 018" E 036' 48 707" Altitude approx 1750m above Mean sea level. Town named Nairobi. |
Weather |
Wet. Torrential downpours, overcast. |
Journey |
Nil 7Kms(?) |
Terrain |
Excellent tarmac. Speed 100-120 KMPH (flat out)
|
Vehicle Status |
Front propellor shaft changed.
Timing re-set for altitude and points gapped by professionals.
Spot Lamps fitted and not wired.
Starter motor cleaned, transfer box oil checked 0.5 litre ATF added.
Handbrake re-adjusted. Handbreak drum tightened. Repairs conducted at Chequered Flag garage at Westlands in NBO. Excellent establishment. Reccommended.
|
Expenditure |
Food 736
Vehicle repairs 15,316
Dinner for crew 7,100
Total 23,152.
|
Conclusion |
OPERATIONAL |
|
 |
01.11.2001 |
Position |
S 01 18 018 W 036 48 707 Nairobi upper hill campsite to Embakasi Aerodrome & return |
Journey |
Kms driven 43 |
Terrain |
City with good tarmac. Speed 80-110 kmh |
Expenditure |
Taxi 850 ksh food 2,700 ksh, Landrover spares 2,000 ksh E-mail 198 ksh coffee 200 Beers/gin (for Stuart) 600 ksh. |
|
 |